an official journal of: published by:
an official journal of: published by:
Editor in Chief: RAFFAELLO COSSU

WASTE AND WASTED LANDSCAPES: FOCUS ON ABANDONED INDUSTRIAL AREAS

  • Silvia Iodice - Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, Territorial Development Unit (B.3), Italy
  • Pasquale De Toro - Department of Architecture, University of Naples Federico II (UNINA), Italy

Released under CC BY-NC-ND

Copyright: © 2020 CISA Publisher


Abstract

Urban ecosystems, in their complexity, like living organisms, have their own metabolism, whose functioning is linked to the presence of input and output streams. These metabolic flows define the interconnection of different life cycle phases and determine the presence of wasted landscapes, i.e. portion of territory waiting for the activation of regeneration actions. The present paper focuses on the abandoned industrial areas that characterize a portion of the Metropolitan Area of Naples, defining a spatial identification methodology and connecting them to the production of Construction and Demolition Waste, in a multi-scale perspective.

Keywords


Editorial History

  • Received: 30 Apr 2020
  • Revised: 02 Jun 2020
  • Accepted: 12 Jun 2020
  • Available online: 23 Jul 2020

References

Aiello, F. (2012). Il recupero delle aree industriali dismesse. http://www.scienzainrete.it/contenuto/articolo/recupero-delle-aree-industriali-dismesse

Albertí, J., Balaguera, A., Brodhag, C., & Fullana-i-Palmer, P. (2017). Towards life cycle sustainability assessment of cities. A review of background knowledge. Sci. 609, 1049–1063.
DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.179

Alberti, M., & Susskind, L. (1996). Managing Urban Sustainability: An Introduction to the Special Issue. Environ. Impact Assess. 16(4)

Amenta, L., & Attademo, A. (2016). Circular wastescapes. Waste as a resource for periurban landscapes planning. CRIOS, 12, 79–88.
DOI 10.3280/CRIOS2016-012008

Amenta, L., & van Timmeren, A. (2018). Beyond Wastescapes: Towards Circular Landscapes. Addressing the Spatial Dimension of Circularity through the Regeneration of Wastescapes. Sustainability, 10(12), 4740.
DOI 10.3390/su10124740

Arbizzani, E., & Materazzi, G. (2012). La riqualificazione delle aree industriali dismesse. Considerazioni di metodo. Hortus, 62, 1–8

Aymonino, A., Berta, M., Bocchi, R., Cacciaguerra, G., Carta, M., Ciorra, P., Crotti, M., De Rossi, A., Garofalo, F., Gasparrini, C., Gioffrè, V., Ricci, M., Secchi, R., & Valente, I. (2013). In S. Marini & V. Santangelo (Eds.). Nuovi cicli di vita per architetture e infrastrutture della città e del paesaggio. Aracne

Baiocco, R. (2017). Prima parte: La funzione anticiclica degli usi temporanei. In R. Baiocco, L. Silvestrin, & D. Tecchhio (Eds.), Money Urbanism. Progetto urbano e cicli di produzione della città. Università IUAV di Venezia, 9–29

Beloin-Saint-Pierre, D., Rugani, B., Lasvaux, S., Mailhac, A., Popovici, E., Sibiude, G., Benetto, E., & Schiopu, N. (2017). A review of urban metabolism studies to identify key methodological choices for future harmonization and implementation. J. Clean. Prod. 163, S223–S240.
DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.014

Berger, A. (2006). Drosscape in the landscape. In C. Waldheim (Ed.), The Landscape Urbanism Reader. Princeton University Press, 197-217

Berger, A. (2007). Drosscape: Wasting Land in Urban America. Princeton Architectural Press Hachette Book Group

Brogaard, L. K., & Christensen, T. H. (2016). Life cycle assessment of capital goods in waste management systems. J. Waste Manag. 56, 561–574.
DOI 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.07.037

Broto, V. C., Allen, A., & Rapoport, E. (2012). Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Urban Metabolism: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Urban Metabolism. J. Ind. Ecol. 16(6), 851–861.
DOI 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00556.x

Brown, I. T. (2017). Managing Cities as Urban Ecosystems: Fundamentals and a Framework for Los Angeles, California. CATE 10(2), 1–30

Carta (2015), Planning in the Re-cycle age. In S. Marini & V. Santangelo (Eds.). Nuovi cicli di vita per architetture e infrastrutture della città e del paesaggio. Aracne edtrice, Roma, Italy, 59-64

Carta, M. (2016). Cityforming Protocol: Strategie incrementali e adattive. In D. Ronsivalle & B. Lino (Eds.), Re-cyclical Urbanism. Visioni, paradigmi e progetto per la metamorfosi circolare. Listlab

Carta, M., Lino, B., Ronsivalle, D., & Carta, M. (2016). Re_cycling urbanism: Visioni, paradigmi e progetti per la metamorfosi circolare. List, Babel

Chatzinikolaou, P., Viaggi, D., & Raggi, M. (2018). Review of Multicriteria Methodologies and Tools for the Evaluation of the Provision of Ecosystem Services. In J. Berbel, T. Bournaris, B. Manos, N. Matsatsinis, & D. Viaggi (Eds.), Multicriteria Analysis in Agriculture. Springer International Publishing, 43-68.
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-76929-5_2

Coelho, A., & de Brito, J. (2011). Generation of construction and demolition waste in Portugal. Waste Manag. Res. 29(7), 739–750.
DOI 10.1177/0734242X11402253

Collins, J., Borer, E., Fagan, W., Grimm, N., Hope, D., Kinzig, A., & Wu, J. (2000). A New Urban Ecology. American Scientist, 88(5), 416.
DOI 10.1511/2000.5.416

De Toro, P., Gasparrini, C., & Iodice, S. (2016). Pianificazione urbanistica, paesaggio e valutazione. Una proposta per il Piano Urbanistico Operativo di Cava De’ Tirreni. Agribusiness Paesaggio & Ambiente, XIX, n.2, 137–144

De Toro, P., & Iodice, S. (2018). Ecosystem Health Assessment in urban contexts: A proposal for the Metropolitan Area of Naples (Italy). Aestimum 72, 39–59.
DOI 10.13128/Aestimum-23968

De Toro, P., & Iodice, S. (2016). Evaluation in Urban Planning: A multi-criteria approach for the choice of alternative Operational Plans in Cava De’ Tirreni. Aestimum 69, 93–112.
DOI 10.13128/Aestimum-20450

Di Gregorio, A. (2005). Land cover classification system: Classification concepts and user manual: LCCS (Software version 2). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

Dijst, M. (2013). Space–Time Integration in a Dynamic Urbanizing World: Current Status and Future Prospects in Geography and GIScience: Space–Time Integration in Geography and GIScience. AAnn. Am. Assoc. Geogr. 103(5), 1058–1061.
DOI 10.1080/00045608.2013.792171

Dijst, M., Worrell, E., Böcker, L., Brunner, P., Davoudi, S., Geertman, S., Harmsen, R., Helbich, M., Holtslag, A. A. M., Kwan, M.-P., Lenz, B., Lyons, G., Mokhtarian, P. L., Newman, P., Perrels, A., Ribeiro, A. P., Rosales Carreón, J., Thomson, G., Urge-Vorsatz, D., & Zeyringer, M. (2018). Exploring urban metabolism—Towards an interdisciplinary perspective. RESOUR CONSERV RECY 132, 190–203.
DOI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.09.014

Ding, T., & Xiao, J. (2014). Estimation of building-related construction and demolition waste in Shanghai. J. Waste Manag. 34(11), 2327–2334.
DOI 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.07.029

Dizdaroglu, D. (2015). Developing micro-level urban ecosystem indicators for sustainability assessment. Environ. Impact Assess. 54, 119–124.
DOI 10.1016/j.eiar.2015.06.004

EEA. (2015). Urban Sustainability Issues—What Is a Resource-Efficient City?, (Technical report No 23/2015)

Erz, W. (1992). Wasteland: Land for conservation. BERG PUBLISHERS

ESPON. (2013). EU-LUPA European Land Use Pattern. Executive Summary (Final Report)

European Commission. (2005). Thematic Strategy on the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources”. Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions

European Environment Agency. (2015). Urban sustainability issues: What is a resource-efficient city?. Publications Office. http://dx.publications.europa.eu/10.2800/389017

Formato, E., & Russo, M. (2014). Re-Use/Re-Cycle Territories: A Retroactive Conceptualisation for East Naples. TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 431–440.
DOI 10.6092/1970-9870/2496

Franklin Associates. (1998). Characterization of Building-Related Construction and Demolition Debris in the United States (Report No. EPA530-R-98-010)

Gabbianelli, A. (2016). Metamorfosi degli spazi improduttivi. In L. Coccia & A. Gabbianelli (Eds.), Riciclasi Capannoni. Aracne Editrice, 99-106

Gargari, C. (2015). Analisi e valutazione ambientale di un’area al margine del Parco. In M. C. Torricelli (Ed.), S-LCA e Patrimonio Naturale. Life Cicle Analisi Ambientale e Sociale Di Un’area Protetta (pp. 73–115). Firenze University Press

Gargiulo Morelli, V., & Salvati, L. (2010). Ad hoc urban sprawl in the mediterranean city: Dispersing a compact tradition? Nuova Cultura

Gasparrini, C. (2016). DrossCity. Raccontare la città degli scarti. In Dross City. Metabolismo Urbano, Resilienza e Progetto Di Riciclo Dei Drosscape. List, 8-31

Gasparrini, C., & Terracciano, A. (2016). Dross City: Metabolismo urbano, resilienza e progetto di riciclo dei drosscape. List

Geldermans, B., Bellstedt, C., Formato, E., Varju, V., Grunhut, Z., Cerreta, M., Amenta, L., Inglese, P., van der Leer, J., & Wandl, A. (2017). D3.1 Introduction to methodology for integrated spatial, material flow and social analyses (REPAiR Deliverable D3.1.)

Geldermans, B., Wandl, A., Steenmeijer, M., Furlan, C., Streefland, T., Formato, E., Cerreta, M., Amenta, L., Inglese, P., Iodice, S., Berruti, G., Varju, V., Grunhut, Z., Bodor, A., Lovász, V., Moticska, Z., Tonini, D., Taelman, S. E. (2018). D3.3 Process model for the two pilot cases: Amsterdam, the Netherlands & Naples, Italy. (REPAiR Deliverable D3.3.)

Ghosh, S. K., Haldar, H. S., Chatterjee, S., & Ghosh, P. (2016). An Optimization Model on Construction and Demolition Waste Quantification from Building. Sci. 35, 279–288.
DOI 10.1016/j.proenv.2016.07.008

Gonçalves, J., Gomes, M., & Ezequiel, S. (2017). Defining mobility patterns in peri-urban areas: A contribution for spatial and transport planning policy. Case Studies on Transport Policy 5(4), 643–655.
DOI 10.1016/j.cstp.2017.07.009

Hauschild, M. Z., & Huijbregts, M. A. J. (2015). Introducing Life Cycle Impact Assessment. In M. Z. Hauschild & M. A. J. Huijbregts (Eds.), Life Cycle Impact Assessment. Springer Netherlands, 1-16.
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-9744-3_1

Helling, R. K. (2017). The Role of LCA in Sustainable Development. In Encyclopedia of Sustainable Technologies, 237–242. Elsevier.
DOI 10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.10063-6

Kennedy, C., Cuddihy, J., & Engel-Yan, J. (2007). The Changing Metabolism of Cities. J. Ind. Ecol. 11(2), 43–59.
DOI 10.1162/jie.2007.1107

Kofoworola, O. F., & Gheewala, S. H. (2009). Estimation of construction waste generation and management in Thailand. J. Waste Manag. 29(2), 731–738.
DOI 10.1016/j.wasman.2008.07.004

Li, H., & Kwan, M.-P. (2018). Advancing analytical methods for urban metabolism studies. RESOUR CONSERV RECY 132, 239–245.
DOI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.07.005

Loiseau, E., Aissani, L., Le Féon, S., Laurent, F., Cerceau, J., Sala, S., & Roux, P. (2018). Territorial Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): What exactly is it about? A proposal towards using a common terminology and a research agenda. J. Clean. Prod. 176, 474–485.
DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.169

Loiseau, E., Junqua, G., Roux, P., & Bellon-Maurel, V. (2012). Environmental assessment of a territory: An overview of existing tools and methods. J ENVIRON MANAGE 112, 213–225.
DOI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.07.024

Loiseau, E., Roux, P., Junqua, G., Maurel, P., & Bellon-Maurel, V. (2013). Adapting the LCA framework to environmental assessment in land planning. INT J LIFE CYCLE ASS 18(8), 1533–1548.
DOI 10.1007/s11367-013-0588-y

Loiseau, E., Roux, P., Junqua, G., Maurel, P., & Bellon-Maurel, V. (2014). Implementation of an adapted LCA framework to environmental assessment of a territory: Important learning points from a French Mediterranean case study. J. Clean. Prod. 80, 17–29.
DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.05.059

Lynch, K., & Southworth, M. (1990). Wasting away. Sierra Club Books

Maranghi, S., Parisi, M. L., Facchini, A., Rubino, A., Kordas, O., & Basosi, R. (2020). Integrating urban metabolism and life cycle assessment to analyse urban sustainability. Ecol. Indic. 112, 106074.
DOI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106074

Martínez Lage, I., Martínez Abella, F., Herrero, C. V., & Ordóñez, J. L. P. (2010). Estimation of the annual production and composition of C&D Debris in Galicia (Spain). J. Waste Manag. 30(4), 636–645.
DOI 10.1016/j.wasman.2009.11.016

Marx, K. (1909). Capital: A Critique of Political Economy (Vol. 1). Frederick Engels

Mazzeo, G., & Russo, L. (2016). Aspects of Land Take in the Metropolitan Area of Naples. TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment 9(1), 89–107.
DOI 10.6092/1970-9870/3727

McDonough, W., & Braungart, M. (2002). Cradle to cradle: Remaking the way we make things (1st ed). North Point Press

McPhearson, T., Pickett, S. T. A., Grimm, N. B., Niemelä, J., Alberti, M., Elmqvist, T., Weber, C., Haase, D., Breuste, J., & Qureshi, S. (2016). Advancing Urban Ecology toward a Science of Cities. BioScience, 66(3), 198–212.
DOI 10.1093/biosci/biw002

Miano, P. (2005). La formazione dei nuovi luoghi centrali: Il recupero delle aree dismesse di Casoria. Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane

Minx, J., Creutzig, F., Medinger, V., Ziegler, T., Owen, A., & Baiocchi, G. (2010). Developing a Pragmatic Approach To Assess Urban Metabolism in Europe—A Report to the European Environment Agency. (Working Paper 01 2011). Technische Universität Berlin and Stockholm Environment Institute

Mostafavi, N., Farzinmoghadam, M., & Hoque, S. (2014). A framework for integrated urban metabolism analysis tool (IUMAT). BUILD ENVIRON 82, 702–712.
DOI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.10.020

OECD. (2010). OECD Global Forum on Environment: Sustainable Materials Management. www.oecd.org/env/waste/oecdglobalforumonenvironmentsustainablematerialsmanagement.htm

OECD. (2012). Sustainable Materials Management: Making Better Use of Resources.
DOI 10.1787/9789264174269-en

Pérez-Soba, M., Petit, S., Jones, L., Bertrand, N., Briquel, V., Omodei-Zorini, L., Contini, C., Helming, K., Farrington, J. H., Mossello, M. T., Wascher, D., Kienast, F., & de Groot, R. (2008). Land use functions—A multifunctionality approach to assess the impact of land use changes on land use sustainability. In K. Helming, M. Pérez-Soba, & P. Tabbush (Eds.), Sustainability Impact Assessment of Land Use Changes. Springer, Berlin, 375-404. Heidelberg.
DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-78648-1_19

Phillis, Y. A., Kouikoglou, V. S., & Verdugo, C. (2017). Urban sustainability assessment and ranking of cities. COMPUT ENVIRON URBAN, 64, 254–265.
DOI 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2017.03.002

Redman, C. L., Grove, J. M., & Kuby, L. H. (2004). Integrating Social Science into the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network: Social Dimensions of Ecological Change and Ecological Dimensions of Social Change. Ecosystems 7(2).
DOI 10.1007/s10021-003-0215-z

Rees, W. E. (1997). Urban ecosystems: The human dimension. Urban Ecosyst. 1(1), 63–75.
DOI 10.1023/A:1014380105620

Rees, W. E. (2017). Ecological Footprints and Appropriated Carrying Capacity: What Urban Economics Leaves Out. Urbanisation, 2(1), 66–77.
DOI 10.1177/2455747117699722

Rees, W., & Wackernagel, M. (1996). Urban ecological footprints: Why cities cannot be sustainable—And why they are a key to sustainability. Environ. Impact Assess. 16(4–6), 223–248.
DOI 10.1016/S0195-9255(96)00022-4

Strasser, S. (1992). Waste and want: The other side of consumption. BERG PUBLISHERS

Su, M., Yang, Z., Chen, B., Liu, G., Zhang, Y., Zhang, L., Xu, L., & Zhao, Y. (2012). Urban Ecosystem Health Assessment and Its Application in Management: A Multi-Scale Perspective. Entropy, 15(1), 1–9.
DOI 10.3390/e15010001

Taelman, S. E., Tonini, D., & Wandl, A. (2017). D4.2 Preliminary Sustainability Framework Ready for Testing the GDSE (REPAiR Deliverable D4.2)

Taelman, S., Sanjuan-Delmás, D., Tonini, D., & Dewulf, J. (2019). An operational framework for sustainability assessment including local to global impacts: Focus on waste management systems. RESOUR CONSERV RECY 2, 100005.
DOI 10.1016/j.rcrx.2019.100005

Tansley, A. G. (1935). The Use and Abuse of Vegetational Concepts and Terms. Ecology, 16(3), 284–307.
DOI 10.2307/1930070

Threlfall, C. G., & Kendal, D. (2018). The distinct ecological and social roles that wild spaces play in urban ecosystems. URBAN FOR URBAN GREE 29, 348–356.
DOI 10.1016/j.ufug.2017.05.012

Tonini, D., Iodice, S., Wandl, A., Meister, K., Munoz Uceta, P., Taelman, S. E., San-Juan Delmas, D., & De Toro, P. (n.d.). D4.6 Sustainability assessment for the pilot case studies—Part A: Status Quo (REPAiR Deliverable D4.6)

Torricelli, M.C. (2015a). Contesto ed obiettivi della ricerca. In M. C. Torricelli (Ed.), S-LCA e Patrimonio Naturale. Life Cicle Analisi Ambientale e Sociale Di Un’area Protetta (pp. 73–115). Firenze University Press

Torricelli, M.C. (2015b). ES-LCA e Patrimonio Naturale Life Cicle Analisi Ambientale e Sociale Di Un’area Protetta. Firenze University Press, Florence

Torricelli, M. C., & Gargari, C. (2015). Sostenibilità ambientale e sociale di un territorio naturale protetto. In M. C. Torricelli (Ed.), S-LCA e Patrimonio Naturale. Life Cicle Analisi Ambientale e Sociale Di Un’area Protetta (pp. 59–70). Firenze University Press

Turconi, R., Butera, S., Boldrin, A., Grosso, M., Rigamonti, L., & Astrup, T. (2011). Life cycle assessment of waste incineration in Denmark and Italy using two LCA models. Waste Manag. Res. 29(10_suppl), S78–S90.
DOI 10.1177/0734242X11417489

UNEP (Ed.). (2011). Decoupling natural resource use and environmental impacts from economic growth

Verburg, P. H., van de Steeg, J., Veldkamp, A., & Willemen, L. (2009). From land cover change to land function dynamics: A major challenge to improve land characterization. J ENVIRON MANAGE 90(3), 1327–1335.
DOI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.08.005

Wimalasena, B. A. D. S., Ruwanpura, J. Y., & Hettiaratchi, J. P. A. (2010). Modeling Construction Waste Generation towards Sustainability. Construction Research Congress 2010, 1498–1507.
DOI 10.1061/41109(373)150

Wolman, A. (1965). Scientific American. The Metabolism of Cities, 179–190

Wu, Z., Yu, A. T. W., Shen, L., & Liu, G. (2014). Quantifying construction and demolition waste: An analytical review. J. Waste Manag. 34(9), 1683–1692.
DOI 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.05.010

Zhu, Y.-G., Reid, B. J., Meharg, A. A., Banwart, S. A., & Fu, B.-J. (2017). Optimizing Peri-URban Ecosystems (PURE) to re-couple urban-rural symbiosis. Sci. 586, 1085–1090.
DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.094

Zucchetti, S. (2008) IL MARKETING TERRITORIALE: UNA LEVA PER LO SVILUPPO? Liuc Papers, 214(Serie Economia e Istituzioni 21)