an official journal of: published by:
an official journal of: published by:
Editor in Chief: RAFFAELLO COSSU

UTILIZATION OF DEMOLITION WOOD AND MINERAL WOOL WASTES IN WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITES

  • Petri Jetsu - Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, Finland
  • Markku Vilkki - Conenor Ltd, Finland
  • Ismo Tiihonen - Ismo Tiihonen, Finland

Released under CC BY-NC-ND

Copyright: © 2019 CISA Publisher


Abstract

Wood and mineral wool fractions from demolished buildings were sorted into different categories and processed to the suitable grain size needed for the manufacturing of wood-plastic composites. Processed construction and demolition waste materials mixed with plastics and additives were extruded into hollow test bars using a conical rotary extruder. Test specimens needed for measurements were cut from test bars. The results showed that the mechanical performance of wood-plastic composites based on construction and demolition waste wood, and mineral wool was at a good level and comparable to commonly used wood-plastic composites in decking applications. The highest strength properties of wood-plastic composites were achieved with a plywood fraction and the lowest with materials containing a particle/fibre board fraction. The mechanical performance can be improved by utilizing mineral wool in the formulation of wood-plastic composites. A material mixture containing several wood fractions as well as mineral wool also gave good strength properties. Only a minor reduction in strength properties was measured when recycled plastic was utilized meaning that wood-plastic composites suitable for many types of applications can be produced entirely from recycled materials.

Keywords


Editorial History

  • Received: 04 Sep 2019
  • Revised: 20 Dec 2019
  • Accepted: 14 Jan 2020
  • Available online: 05 Mar 2020

References

Ashrafi, M., Vaziri, A., Nayeb-Hashemi, H., (2011). Effect of processing variables and fiber reinforcement on the mechanical properties of wood plastic composites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 30:1939-45

Balkevičius, V., Pranckevičienė, J., (2008). Investigation of properties of composite ceramics. Materials Science, April, 14(1)

Bio by Deloitte (2015). Construction and Demolition Waste Management in FINLAND/SWEDEN/ - Factsheets. Contract study for European Commission: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/studies/mixed_waste.htm#deliverables

Bio Intelligent Service (2011). Service contract on management of construction and demolition waste. Final report, Task 2, Contract study for EC: https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/0c9ecefc-d07a-492e-a7e1-6d355b16dde4

Chen, J., (2014). Wood-plastic composites: technologies and global markets. Market report, BCC Research

Cheng, A., Lin, W-T., Huang, R., (2011). Application of rockwool waste in cement-based composites. Materials and design, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 636-642

Cui Y-H., Tao J., (2008). Fabrication and mechanical properties of glass fiber-reinforced wood plastic hybrid composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 112:1250-7

Deloitte (2017). Resource Efficient use of mixed wastes - Improving management of construction and demolition waste. Contract study for European Comission: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/studies/pdf/CDW_Final_Report.pdf

Dolan, P., Lampo, R., Dearborn, J., (1999). Concepts for reuse and recycling construction and demolition waste. Technical report, Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, U.S. Army corps of Engineers

Dunser, A., (2007). Characterisation of mineral wastes, resources and processing technologies - Integrated waste management for production of construction material. Case study: waste mineral fiber in ceiling tile manufacture: http://www.smartwaste.co.uk/filelibrary/Ceiling_tiles_waste_mineral_wool.pdf

ERA-LEARN https://www.era-learn.eu/network-information/networks/woodwisdom-net-2/sustainable-competitive-processing-and-end-use/optimisation-of-material-recycling-and-energy-recovery-from-waste-and-demolition-wood-in-different-value-chains

European Commission (2004). Waste injection into the melting furnace in stone wool production. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.showFile&rep=file&fil=LIFE02_ENV_FIN_000328_LAYMAN.pdf

European Commission (2018). Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW): http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/construction_demolition.htm (Last updated September 9, 2018)

European Mineral Wool Manufacturers Association (2018). https://www.eurima.org/about-mineral-wool

European Parliament and Council (1999). Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC. 26th April

European Parliament and Council (2008). Waste Directive 2008/98/EC. 19th November

Garcia, M., Hidalgo, J., Vilkki, M., (2013). Opportunities for recycling C&DW into WPCs. Proceedings of the 6th international wood fibre polymer composites symposium, Biarriz

Haider, A., Leßlhumer, J., (2015). Comparison of commercial European WPC-Deckings 2008 and 2014. 6th WPC & NFC Conference. 16 - 17 December, Cologne

Holbek K (1987), U.S. Patent no. 4,287,142

ISO 17827-2:2016 Solid biofuels — Determination of particle size distribution for uncompressed fuels — Part 2: Vibrating screen method using sieves with aperture of 3,15 mm and below

ISO 178:2019 Plastics — Determination of flexural properties

ISO 179-1:2010 Plastics — Determination of Charpy impact properties — Part 1: Non-instrumented impact testKazemi-Najafi, S., (2013). Use of recycled plastics in wood plastic composites - a review. Waste Management, 33:1898-1905

Mamiński, M., Król, M., Jaskółowski´, W., Borysiuk, P., (2011). Wood-mineral wool hybrid particleboards. European Journal of wood and wood Products, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 337-339

Müller, A., Leydolph, B., Stanelle, K., (2009). Recycling mineral wool waste—Technologies for the conversion of the fiber structure. Part 1, Interceram 58:378–381

Petinakis, E., Yu, L., Edward, G., Dean, K., Liu, H.S., Scully, A.D., (2009). Effect of Matrix–Particle Interfacial Adhesion on the Mechanical Properties of Poly(lactic acid)/Wood-Flour Micro-Composites. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 17, 83

Poletto, M., Zeni, M., Zattera, A.J., (2011). Effects of wood flour addition and coupling agent content on mechanical properties of recycled polystyrene/wood flour composites. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 25: 821-833

Valente, M., Sarasini, F., Marra, F., Tirillò, J., Pulci, G., (2011). Hybrid recycled glass fibre/wood flour thermoplastic composites: manufacturing and mechanical characterization. Composites Part A, 42:649-657

Väntsi, O., (2015). Utilization of recycled mineral wool as filler in wood-plastic composites. Doctoral thesis, 9th October

Väntsi, O., Kärki, T., (2014). Mineral wool waste in Europe: A review of mineral wool waste quantity, quality and current recycling methods. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 16, pp. 62-72

Väntsi, O., Kärki, T., (2014). Utilization of recycled mineral wool as filler in wood-polypropylene composites. Construction and Building Materials, 55, pp. 220-226