an official journal of: published by:
an official journal of: published by:
Editor in Chief: RAFFAELLO COSSU
Home

 

GO TO

SUSTAINABLE INTERVENTIONS TO MANAGE RETAIL FOOD WASTE: A SCOPING REVIEW

  • Ana Maria Rodrigues Costa de Castro - São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Brazil
  • Lea Loretta Zentgraf - Institute of Sociology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany - Food for Justice: Power, Politics and Food Inequalities in a Bioeconomy, Heidelberg Center of Ibero American Studies, Heidelberg University, Germany
  • Cézar D. Luquine Jr. - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
  • Ribka Metaferia - Department of War Studies, King's College London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
  • Daniel Juan Sivizaca Conde - Information Systems Department, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany

DOI 10.31025/2611-4135/2024.19400

Access restricted to subscribed members only

Released under All rights reserved

Copyright: © 2024 CISA Publisher

Abstract

Food waste (FW) affects the economy, sustainability, food security, and climate but effective practices to reduce waste in the food retail sector have received limited attention in existing studies. To address this gap, a scoping review was conducted to systematically identify and categorise research about interventions targeting retail FW. After searching four electronic literature databases, study selection allowed for the inclusion of 43 studies in the review. The narrative synthesis illustrates possible outcomes of such responses to retail FW and aggregates similar interventions and actors involved. Findings comprised 132 interventions from 41 countries, mostly European (73.2%). While supermarkets were responsible for implementing 86.4% of the initiatives, the interventions targeted both consumers (50.8%) and their own businesses (46.2%). Utilising a FW hierarchy framework, interventions were classified into seven categories, predominantly focusing on preventative measures such as awareness campaigns, price reduction, operational optimization, legal regulation, and FW repurposing for human consumption through donations. These prevention and reuse strategies hold promise across diverse contexts and warrant further exploration. About half of the interventions quantified their effects, and we address the most relevant environmental, social, and economic impacts. The findings underscore the need for research investment in the global South.

Keywords

Editorial History

  • Received: 11 Apr 2024
  • Revised: 11 Jun 2024
  • Accepted: 22 Jul 2024
  • Available online: 26 Aug 2024

References

Alexander, K., 2021. Old abattoirs and new food politics: Sharing food and eating together at the meat market of Brussels. Food Foodways 29, 223–242.
DOI 10.1080/07409710.2021.1943611

Alexander, C., Smaje, C., 2008. Surplus retail food redistribution: An analysis of a third sector model. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 52, 1290–1298.
DOI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.07.009

An, X., Xu, Y., Dai, X., 2024. Biohythane production from two-stage anaerobic digestion of food waste: A review. J. Environ. Sci. 139, 334–349.
DOI 10.1016/j.jes.2023.04.031

Aramyan, L., Grainger, M., Logatcheva, K., Piras, S., Setti, M., Stewart, G., Vittuari, M., 2021. Food waste reduction in supply chains through innovations: a review. MBE 25, 475–492.
DOI 10.1108/MBE-11-2019-0105

Arnold, N., 2022. Standards and Waste: Valuing Food Waste in Consumer Markets. Worldwide Waste J. Interdiscip. Stud. 5, 2.
DOI 10.5334/wwwj.84

Assis, T.I., Gonçalves, R.F., 2022. Valorization of food waste by anaerobic digestion: A bibliometric and systematic review focusing on optimization. J. Environ. Manag. 320, 115763.
DOI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115763

Awasthi, S.K., Sarsaiya, S., Awasthi, M.K., Liu, T., Zhao, J., Kumar, S., Zhang, Z., 2020. Changes in global trends in food waste composting: Research challenges and opportunities. Bioresource Technol. 299, 122555.
DOI 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122555

Beausang, C., Hall, C., Toma, L., 2017. Food waste and losses in primary production: Qualitative insights from horticulture. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 126, 177–185.
DOI 10.1016/J.RESCONREC.2017.07.042

Bech-Larsen, T., Ascheman-Witzel, J., Kulikovskaja, V., 2019. Re-distribution and promotion practices for suboptimal foods – commercial and social initiatives for the reduction of food waste. SBR 14, 186–199.
DOI 10.1108/SBR-11-2017-0094

Beitzen-Heineke, E.F., Balta-Ozkan, N., Reefke, H., 2017. The prospects of zero-packaging grocery stores to improve the social and environmental impacts of the food supply chain. J. Clean. Prod. 140, 1528–1541.
DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.227

Blanke, M., 2015. Challenges of Reducing Fresh Produce Waste in Europe—From Farm to Fork. Agriculture 5, 389–399.
DOI 10.3390/agriculture5030389

Boumans, I.J.M.M., Schop, M., Bracke, M.B.M., De Boer, I.J.M., Gerrits, W.J.J., Bokkers, E.A.M., 2022. Feeding food losses and waste to pigs and poultry: Implications for feed quality and production. J. Clean. Prod. 378, 134623.
DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134623

Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft - BMEL, 2019. National Strategy for Food Waste Reduction. BMEL. https://www.bmel.de/EN/topics/food-and-nutrition/food-waste/national-strategy-for-food-waste-reduction.html

Busetti, S., 2019. A theory-based evaluation of food waste policy: Evidence from Italy. Food Policy 88, 101749.
DOI 10.1016/j.foodpol.2019.101749

Cakar, B., 2022. Bounce back of almost wasted food: Redistribution of fresh fruit and vegetables surpluses from Istanbul’s supermarkets. J. Clean. Prod. 362, 132325.
DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132325

Cannavò, D., Cigna, G., Manzoni, S., Mazzi, A., Saporito, S.B., 2019. Policies for the disposal of agri-food waste in the green economy sphere: Sustainable management of food waste in large-scale organized distribution. Procedia Environ. Sci. Eng. Manag. 6, 45–50

Castro, A. M. R. C., Luquine, C. D., Jr, Conde, D. S., Zentgraf, L. L., & Metaferia, R., 2023. Food waste interventions in retail: a scoping review protocol. OSF.
DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/2RDUA

Chalak, A., Abou-Daher, C., Abiad, M.G., 2018. Generation of food waste in the hospitality and food retail and wholesale sectors: lessons from developed economies. Food Sec. 10, 1279–1290.
DOI 10.1007/s12571-018-0841-0

Chen, C., Chen, R., 2018. Using Two Government Food Waste Recognition Programs to Understand Current Reducing Food Loss and Waste Activities in the U.S. Sustainability 10, 2760.
DOI 10.3390/su10082760

Commonwealth of Australia, 2017. National Food Waste Strategy: Halving Australia’s Food Waste by 2030. https://www.dcceew.gov.au/environment/protection/waste/publications/national-food-waste-strategy

De Boni, A., Ottomano Palmisano, G., De Angelis, M., Minervini, F., 2022. Challenges for a Sustainable Food Supply Chain: A Review on Food Losses and Waste. Sustainability 14, 16764.
DOI 10.3390/su142416764

de Hooge, I.E., van Dulm, E., van Trijp, H.C.M., 2018. Cosmetic specifications in the food waste issue: Supply chain considerations and practices concerning suboptimal food products. J. Clean. Prod. 183, 698–709.
DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.132

Eičaitė, O., Baležentis, T., Ribašauskienė, E., Morkūnas, M., Melnikienė, R., & Štreimikienė, D., 2022. Food waste in the retail sector: A survey-based evidence from Central and Eastern Europe. J. Retail. Consum. Serv. 69, 103116.
DOI 10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.103116

Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2013. Towards the circular economy Vol. 2: opportunities for the consumer goods sector. Ellen MacArthur Foundation

Evans, A., Nagele, R., 2018. A lot to digest: Advancing food waste policy in the United States. Nat. Resour. J. 58, 177–214

Fassio, F., Minotti, B., 2019. Circular Economy for Food Policy: The Case of the RePoPP Project in The City of Turin (Italy). Sustainability 11, 6078.
DOI 10.3390/su11216078

Filimonau, V., Gherbin, A., 2017. An exploratory study of food waste management practices in the UK grocery retail sector. J. Clean. Prod. 167, 1184–1194.
DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.229

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - FAO, 2011. Global food losses and food waste: extent, causes and prevention. FAO, Rome

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - FAO, 2019. Moving forward on food loss and waste reduction, The state of food and agriculture. FAO, Rome

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - FAO, 2022. Tackling food loss and waste: A triple win opportunity. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/FAO-UNEP-agriculture-environment-food-loss-waste-day-2022/en (accessed 20 March 2024)

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - FAO, n.d. Indicator 12.3.1 Global food losses SDG Indicators Data Portal. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/sustainable-development-goals-data-portal/data/indicators/1231-global-food-losses/en (accessed 20 March 2024)

Garrone, P., Melacini, M., Perego, A., 2014. Opening the black box of food waste reduction. Food Policy 46, 129–139.
DOI 10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.03.014

Göbel, C., Langen, N., Blumenthal, A., Teitscheid, P., Ritter, G., 2015. Cutting Food Waste through Cooperation along the Food Supply Chain. Sustainability 7, 1429–1445
DOI 10.3390/su7021429

Gollnhofer, J.F., 2017. Normalising alternative practices: the recovery, distribution and consumption of food waste. J. Marketing Manag. 33, 624–643.
DOI 10.1080/0267257X.2017.1301982

Grizzetti, B., Pretato, U., Lassaletta, L., Billen, G., Garnier, J., 2013. The contribution of food waste to global and European nitrogen pollution. Environ. Sci. Policy 33, 186–195.
DOI 10.1016/J.ENVSCI.2013.05.013

Gustavo, J.U., Trento, L.R., de Souza, M., Pereira, G.M., Lopes de Sousa Jabbour, A.B., Ndubisi, N.O., Chiappetta Jabbour, C.J., Borchardt, M., Zvirtes, L., 2021. Green marketing in supermarkets: Conventional and digitized marketing alternatives to reduce waste. J. Clean. Prod. 296, 126531.
DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126531

Hanson, C., Lipinski, B., Robertson, K., Dias, D., Gavilan, I., Gréverath, P., Ritter, S., Fonseca, J., Otterdijk, R. van, Timmermans, T., Lomax, J., O’Connor, C., Dawe, A., Swannell, R., Berger, V., Reddy, M., Somogyi, D., Tran, B., Leach, B., Quested, T., 2016. Food Loss and Waste Accounting and Reporting Standard. World Resources Institute

Hermsdorf, D., Rombach, M., Bitsch, V., 2017. Food waste reduction practices in German food retail. BFJ 119, 2532–2546.
DOI 10.1108/BFJ-06-2017-0338

Holweg, C., Teller, C., Kotzab, H., 2016. Unsaleable grocery products, their residual value and instore logistics. Int. J. Phys. Distrib. Logistics Manag 46, 634–658.
DOI 10.1108/IJPDLM-11-2014-0285

Horoś, I.K., Ruppenthal, T., 2021. Avoidance of Food Waste from a Grocery Retail Store Owner’s Perspective. Sustainability 13, 550.
DOI 10.3390/su13020550

Interministerial Chamber for Food and Nutrition Security – CAISAN, 2018. Intersectoral Strategy for the Reduction of Food Loss and Waste in Brazil. CAISAN. http://www.mds.gov.br/webarquivos/arquivo/seguranca_alimentar/caisan/Publicacao/Caisan_Nacional/PDA_ingles.pdf

Joint Research Centre, 2020. European Commission’s Knowledge Centre for Bioeconomy Brief on food waste in the European Union. European Union, Italy. https://food.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-04/fw_lib_stud-rep-pol_ec-know-cen_bioeconomy_2021.pdf (acessessed 26 April 2023)

Lanfranchi, M., Calabrò, G., De Pascale, A., Fazio, A., Giannetto, C., 2016. Household food waste and eating behavior: empirical survey. BFJ 118, 3059–3072.
DOI 10.1108/BFJ-01-2016-0001

Lebersorger, S., & Schneider, F., 2011. Discussion on the methodology for determining food waste in household waste composition studies. Waste Manag. 31, 1924–1933.
DOI 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.05.023

Lee, D., Tongarlak, M. H., 2017. Converting retail food waste into by-product. Eur J Operational Res, 257(3), 944–956
DOI 10.1016/j.ejor.2016.08.022

Lemaire, A., Limbourg, S., 2019. How can food loss and waste management achieve sustainable development goals? J. Clean. Prod. 234, 1221–1234.
DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.226

Magalhães, V.S.M., Ferreira, L.M.D.F., Silva, C., 2021. Causes and mitigation strategies of food loss and waste: A systematic literature review and framework development. Sustain. Prod. Consum. 28, 1580–1599.
DOI 10.1016/j.spc.2021.08.004

Marques, P.A., Carvalho, A.M., Santos, J.O., 2021. Improving Operational and Sustainability Performance in a Retail Fresh Food Market Using Lean: A Portuguese Case Study. Sustainability 14, 403.
DOI 10.3390/su14010403

Marrucci, L., Marchi, M., Daddi, T., 2020. Improving the carbon footprint of food and packaging waste management in a supermarket of the Italian retail sector. Waste Manag. 105, 594–603.
DOI 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.03.002

Mattsson, L., Williams, H., 2022. Avoidance of Supermarket Food Waste—Employees’ Perspective on Causes and Measures to Reduce Fruit and Vegetables Waste. Sustainability 14, 10031.
DOI 10.3390/su141610031

Mayring, P., Fenzl, T. (2014). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. In: Baur, N., Blasius, J. (eds) Handbuch Methoden der empirischen Sozialforschung, 543–556. Springer.
DOI 10.1007/978-3-531-18939-0_38

Mc Carthy, U., Uysal, I., Badia-Melis, R., Mercier, S., O’Donnell, C., Ktenioudaki, A., 2018. Global food security – Issues, challenges and technological solutions. Trends Food. Sci. Technol. 77, 11–20.
DOI 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.05.002

Mirabella, N., Castellani, V., & Sala, S., 2014. Current options for the valorization of food manufacturing waste: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 65, 28–41.
DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.10.051

Mmereki, D., David, V.E., Wreh Brownell, A.H., 2023. The management and prevention of food losses and waste in low- and middle-income countries: A mini-review in the Africa region. Waste Manag. Res. 0734242X231184444.
DOI 10.1177/0734242X231184444

Moggi, S., Bonomi, S., Ricciardi, F., 2018. Against Food Waste: CSR for the Social and Environmental Impact through a Network-Based Organizational Model. Sustainability 10, 3515.
DOI 10.3390/su10103515

Moraes, C.C., Oliveira Costa, F.H., Roberta Pereira, C., Da Silva, A.L., Delai, I., 2020. Retail food waste: mapping causes and reduction practices. J. Clean. Prod. 256, 120124.
DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120124

Mullick, S., Raassens, N., Haans, H., Nijssen, E.J., 2021. Reducing food waste through digital platforms: A quantification of cross-side network effects. Indust. Marketing Manag. 93, 533–544.
DOI 10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.09.021

Munesue, Y., Masui, T., Fushima, T., 2015. The effects of reducing food losses and food waste on global food insecurity, natural resources, and greenhouse gas emissions. Environ. Econ. Policy Stud. 17, 43–77.
DOI 10.1007/s10018-014-0083-0

Mura, G., Castiglioni, I., Borrelli, N., Ferrari, M., Diamantini, D., 2019. Recycling Food to Promote Social Inclusion. An Empirical Evidence. RCIS 65, 325–337.
DOI 10.33788/rcis.65.20

Ng, K.S., Yang, A., Yakovleva, N., 2019. Sustainable waste management through synergistic utilisation of commercial and domestic organic waste for efficient resource recovery and valorisation in the UK. J. Clean. Prod. 227, 248–262.
DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.136

Nicastro, R., Carillo, P., 2021. Food Loss and Waste Prevention Strategies from Farm to Fork. Sustainability 13, 5443.
DOI 10.3390/su13105443

Nicholes, M.J., Quested, T.E., Reynolds, C., Gillick, S., Parry, A.D., 2019. Surely you don’t eat parsnip skins? Categorising the edibility of food waste. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 147, 179–188.
DOI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.03.004

Onwude, D.I., Chen, G., Eke-emezie, N., Kabutey, A., Khaled, A.Y., Sturm, B., 2020. Recent Advances in Reducing Food Losses in the Supply Chain of Fresh Agricultural Produce. Processes 8, 1431.
DOI 10.3390/pr8111431

Ouzzani, M., Hammady, H., Fedorowicz, Z., Elmagarmid, A., 2016. Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst. Rev. 5, 210.
DOI 10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4

Page, M.J., McKenzie, J.E., Bossuyt, P.M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T.C., Mulrow, C.D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J.M., Akl, E.A., Brennan, S.E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J.M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M.M., Li, T., Loder, E.W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., McGuinness, L.A., Stewart, L.A., Thomas, J., Tricco, A.C., Welch, V.A., Whiting, P., Moher, D., 2021. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Syst. Rev. 10, 89.
DOI 10.1186/s13643-021-01626-4

Papargyropoulou, E., Lozano, R., K. Steinberger, J., Wright, N., & Ujang, Z. Bin., 2014. The food waste hierarchy as a framework for the management of food surplus and food waste. J. Clean. Prod. 76, 106–115.
DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.04.020

Parfitt, J., Barthel, M., Macnaughton, S., 2010. Food waste within food supply chains: quantification and potential for change to 2050. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 365, 3065–3081.
DOI 10.1098/rstb.2010.0126

Peters, M., Godfrey, C., McInerney, P., Munn, Z., Trico, A., Khalil, H., 2020. Chapter 11: Scoping Reviews. In: Aromatis, E., Munn, Z. (Eds.), JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis, JBI.
DOI 10.46658/JBIMES-20-12

Pilarska, A.A., Kulupa, T., Kubiak, A., Wolna-Maruwka, A., Pilarski, K., Niewiadomska, A., 2023. Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste—A Short Review. Energies 16, 5742.
DOI 10.3390/en16155742

Pinto, J., Boavida-Dias, R., Matos, H.A., Azevedo, J., 2022. Analysis of the Food Loss and Waste Valorisation of Animal By-Products from the Retail Sector. Sustainability 14, 2830.
DOI 10.3390/su14052830

Pulker, C.E., Trapp, G.S.A., Scott, J.A., Pollard, C.M., 2018. Global supermarkets’ corporate social responsibility commitments to public health: a content analysis. Global. Health 14, 121.
DOI 10.1186/s12992-018-0440-z

Redlingshöfer, B., Barles, S., Weisz, H., 2020. Are waste hierarchies effective in reducing environmental impacts from food waste? A systematic review for OECD countries. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 156, 104723.
DOI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104723

Reitemeier, M., Aheeyar, M., Drechsel, P., 2021. Perceptions of Food Waste Reduction in Sri Lanka’s Commercial Capital, Colombo. Sustainability 13, 838.
DOI 10.3390/su13020838

Ribeiro, A., Rok, J., Harmsen, R., Rosales Carreón, J., Worrell, E., 2019. Food waste in an alternative food network - A case-study. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 149, 210-219.
DOI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.05.029

Rolker, H., Eisler, M., Cardenas, L., Deeney, M., Takahashi, T., 2022. Food waste interventions in low-and-middle-income countries: A systematic literature review. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 186, 106534.
DOI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106534

Saldaña, J., 2021. Coding techniques for quantitative and mixed data. The Routledge Reviewer’s Guide to Mixed Methods Analysis, 151-160

Sánchez, A., 2022. Decentralized Composting of Food Waste: A Perspective on Scientific Knowledge. Front. Chem. Eng. 4, 850308.
DOI 10.3389/fceng.2022.850308

Scherhaufer, S., Moates, G., Hartikainen, H., Waldron, K., Obersteiner, G., 2018. Environmental impacts of food waste in Europe. Waste Manag. 77, 98–113.
DOI 10.1016/J.WASMAN.2018.04.038

Schinkel, J., 2019. Review of policy instruments and recommendations for effective food waste prevention. Proc. Inst. Civil Eng. Waste Resour. Manag. 172, 92–101.
DOI 10.1680/jwarm.18.00022

Sewald, C.A., Kuo, E.S., Dansky, H., 2018. Boulder Food Rescue: An Innovative Approach to Reducing Food Waste and Increasing Food Security. Am. J. Prev. Med. 54, S130–S132.
DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.12.006

Shrivastava, C., Crenna, E., Schudel, S., Shoji, K., Onwude, D., Hischier, R., Defraeye, T., 2022. To Wrap Or to Not Wrap Cucumbers? Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 6, 750199.
DOI 10.3389/fsufs.2022.750199

Shurson, G.C., Dierenfeld, E.S., Dou, Z., 2023. Rules are meant to be broken – Rethinking the regulations on the use of food waste as animal feed. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 199, 107273.
DOI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.107273

Sisson, L.G., 2016. Food Recovery Program at Farmers’ Markets Increases Access to Fresh Fruits and Vegetables for Food Insecure Individuals. J. Hunger Environ. Nutr. 11, 337–339.
DOI 10.1080/19320248.2015.1112757

Skaf, L., Franzese, P.P., Capone, R., Buonocore, E., 2021. Unfolding hidden environmental impacts of food waste: An assessment for fifteen countries of the world. J. Clean. Prod. 310, 127523.
DOI 10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2021.127523

Strotmann, C., Niepagenkemper, L., Göbel, C., Flügge, F., Friedrich, S., Kreyenschmidt, J., Ritter, G., 2017. Improving Transfer in the Food Sector by Applying a Target Audience-Centered Approach—The Development of a Nonprofit Marketing Campaign Guide Based on a Case Study of the LAV Platform. Sustainability 9, 512.
DOI 10.3390/su9040512

Souza, M., Pereira, G.M., Lopes de Sousa Jabbour, A.B., Chiappetta Jabbour, C.J., Trento, L.R., Borchardt, M., Zvirtes, L., 2021. A digitally enabled circular economy for mitigating food waste: Understanding innovative marketing strategies in the context of an emerging economy. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change. 173, 121062
DOI 10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121062

Tamasiga, P., Miri, T., Onyeaka, H., Hart, A., 2022. Food Waste and Circular Economy: Challenges and Opportunities. Sustainability 14, 9896.
DOI 10.3390/su14169896

Tang, Y.-T., 2020. Chapter 14 - Accounting for the environmental impact of food waste on water resources and climate change, in: Kosseva, M.R., Webb, C. (Eds.), Food Industry Wastes. Academic Press, pp. 305–329.
DOI 10.1016/B978-0-12-817121-9.00014-0

Torok, V.A., Luyckx, K., Lapidge, S., 2021. Human food waste to animal feed: opportunities and challenges. Anim. Prod. Sci. 62, 1129–1139.
DOI 10.1071/AN20631

Trewern, J., Chenoweth, J., Christie, I., 2022. Sparking Change: Evaluating the effectiveness of a multi-component intervention at encouraging more sustainable food behaviors. Appetite 171, 105933.
DOI 10.1016/j.appet.2022.105933

Tricco, A.C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., OSBrien, K.K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., Moher, D., Peters, M.D.J., Horsley, T., Weeks, L., Hempel, S., Akl, E.A., Chang, C., McGowan, J., Stewart, L., Hartling, L., Aldcroft, A., Wilson, M.G., Garritty, C., Lewin, S., Godfrey, C.M., Macdonald, M.T., Langlois, E.V., Soares-Weiser, K., Moriarty, J., Clifford, T., Tunçalp, Ö., Straus, S.E., 2018. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann. Intern. Med. 169, 467–473.
DOI 10.7326/M18-0850

Tröger, K., Lelea, M.A., Hensel, O., Kaufmann, B., 2020. Re-framing post-harvest losses through a situated analysis of the pineapple value chain in Uganda. Geoforum 111, 48–61.
DOI 10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.02.017

Tsalis, G., Jensen, B.B., Wakeman, S.W., Aschemann-Witzel, J., 2021. Promoting Food for the Trash Bin? A Review of the Literature on Retail Price Promotions and Household-Level Food Waste. Sustainability 13, 4018.
DOI 10.3390/su13074018

United Nations Environment Program, 2021. UNEP Food Waste Index Report 2021. UNEP, Nairobi

Warshawsky, D.N., 2016. Food waste, sustainability, and the corporate sector: case study of a US food company: Food waste, sustainability, and the corporate sector. Geogr. J. 182, 384–394.
DOI 10.1111/geoj.12156

Watanabe, E.A. de M., Nascimento, C.R. do, Freitas, M.G.M.T. de, Viana, M.M., 2022. Food waste: an exploratory investigation of causes, practices and consequences perceived by Brazilian supermarkets and restaurants. BFJ 124, 1022–1045.
DOI 10.1108/BFJ-01-2021-0045

Werderits Silva, D.E., da Silva César, A., Conejero, M.A., 2021. Prevention of food waste and alternative destinations for unused food in Brazil. J. Clean. Prod. 318, 128545.
DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128545

Williams, I.D., 2015. Forty years of the waste hierarchy. Waste Manag. 40, 1–2.
DOI 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.03.014

Waste and Resources Action Programme - WRAP, 2023. Introduction to the Food Waste Reduction Roadmap. https://www.wrap.ngo/resources/guide/introduction-food-waste-reduction-roadmap

Wu, Q., Honhon, D., 2023. Don’t waste that free lettuce! Impact of BOGOF promotions on retail profit and food waste. Production Oper. Manag. 32, 501–523.
DOI 10.1111/poms.13884

Wu, S., Wang, Q., Fang, M., Wu, D., Cui, D., Pan, S., Bai, J., Xu, F., Wang, Z., 2023. Hydrothermal carbonization of food waste for sustainable biofuel production: Advancements, challenges, and future prospects. Sci. Total Environ. 897, 165327.
DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165327

Wunderlich, S.M., Martinez, N.M., 2018. Conserving natural resources through food loss reduction: Production and consumption stages of the food supply chain. Int. Soil Water Conserv. Res. 6, 331–339.
DOI 10.1016/j.iswcr.2018.06.002

Xue, L., Liu, G., Parfitt, J., Liu, X., Van Herpen, E., Stenmarck, Å., O’Connor, C., Östergren, K., Cheng, S., 2017. Missing Food, Missing Data? A Critical Review of Global Food Losses and Food Waste Data. Environ. Sci. Technol. 51, 6618-6633.
DOI 10.1021/ACS.EST.7B00401

Yetkin Özbük, R.M., Coşkun, A., 2020. Factors affecting food waste at the downstream entities of the supply chain: A critical review. J. Clean. Prod. 244, 118628.
DOI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118628

Zhang, H., Fu, Z., Guan, D., Zhao, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, Q., Xie, J., Sun, Y., Guo, L., Wang, D., 2023. A comprehensive review on food waste anaerobic co-digestion: Current situation and research prospect. Process Safety Environ. Protect. 179, 546–558.
DOI 10.1016/j.psep.2023.09.030

Related Contents