an official journal of: published by:
an official journal of: published by:
Editor in Chief: RAFFAELLO COSSU

OPTIMIZATION OF THE PYROLYSIS OIL FRACTION: AN ATTAINABLE REGION APPROACH

  • Baboloki Chiwara - Department of Chemical, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Botswana
  • Emmanuel Makhura - Department of Chemical, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Botswana
  • Gwiranai Danha - Department of Chemical, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Botswana
  • Nkosikhona Hlabangana - Department of Chemical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe
  • Joshua Gorimbo - Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa, South Africa
  • Edison Muzenda - Department of Chemical, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Botswana

Released under CC BY-NC-ND

Copyright: © 2018 CISA Publisher


Abstract

In this research, we focused on the application of the attainable region method as an optimization technique that has never before been used in the field of waste management, specifically in optimising the pyrolysis oil fraction from plastic waste. Experimental results obtained from this investigation showed that the optimum yield of the oil fraction from the Attainable Region (A.R) plot was found to be 95%, using a pyrolysis temperature of 450°C and after a residence time of 2 hrs. Within the conditions of experimental investigation, it was also determined that the optimum conversion attainable is 70% and this was achieved using a pyrolysis temperature of 450°C and a residence time of 2 hrs.​

Keywords


Editorial History

  • Received: 15 Jan 2018
  • Revised: 18 Aug 2018
  • Accepted: 06 Aug 2018
  • Available online: 27 Aug 2018

References

Al-Salem, S.M., Antelava, A., Constantinou, A., Manos, G., Dutta, A., 2017. A review on thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of plastic solid waste (PSW). Journal of Environmental Management 197, 177-198.

Al-Salem, S.M., Lettieri, P., Baeyens, J., 2010. The valorization of plastic solid waste (PSW) by primary to quaternary routes: From re-use to energy and chemicals. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 36, 103–129.

Book, N.L., Challagulla, V.U.B., 2000. Inherently safer analysis of the attainable region process for the adiabatic oxidation of sulfur dioxide. Computers and Chemical Engineering 24, 1421-1427.

Chen, D., Yin, L., Wang, H., He, P., 2014. Pyrolysis technologies for municipal solid waste: A review. Waste Management 34, 2466-2486.

Danha, G., Hildebandt, D., Glasser, D., Bhondayi, C., 2015. A laboratory scale application of the attainable region technique on a platinum ore. Powder Technology 274, 14-19.

Das, P., Tiwari, P., 2018. Valorization of packaging plastic waste by slow pyrolysis. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 128, 69-77.

Das, P., Tiwari, P., 2017. Thermal degradation kinetics of plastics and model selection. Thermochimica Acta, 654, 191-202.

Godorr, S., Hildebrandt, D., Glasser, D., McGregor, C., 1999. Choosing optimal control policies using the attainable region approach. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 38, 639-651.

Guerrero, L.A., Maas, G., Hogland, G., 2013. Solid waste management challenges for cities in developing countries. Waste Management 33, 220–232.

Hahladakis, N.J., Velis, A.C., Weber, R., Lacovidou E., Ournell, P., 2018. An overview of chemical additives present in plastics: and environmentalmpact during their use, disposal and recycling. Journal of Hazardous Materials 344, 179-199.

Hildebrandt, D., Glasser, D., 1990. The attainable region and optimal reactor structures. Chemical Engineering Science 45, 2161-2168.

Hlabangana, N., Danha, G., Mguni, N.G., Madiba, M.S., Bhondayi, C., 2018. Determining an optimal interstitial filling condition: An attainable region approach 327, 9-16.

Katubilwa, F.M., Moys, M.H., Glasser, D., Hildebrandt, D., 2011. An attainable region analysis of the effect of ball size on milling. Powder Technology 210, 36-46

Khaghanikavkani, E., Farid, M.M., 2011. Thermal pyrolysis of polyethylene: Kinetic study. Energy Science and Technology 2, 1-10.

Marshall, R.E., Farahbakhsh, K., 2013. Systems approaches to integrated solid waste management in developing countries. Waste Management 33, 988–1003.

McGregor, C., Hildebrandt, D., Glasser, D., 1998. Process synthesis for a reactor-separator-recycle system using the attainable region approach. Developments in Chemical Engineering and Mineral Processing 6, 21-39.

Nicol, W., Hernier, M., Hildebrant, D., Glasser, D., 2001. The attainable region and process synthesis: Reaction systems with external cooling and heating. The effect of relative cost of reactor volume to heat exchange area on the optimal process layout, Chemical Engineering Science 56, 173-191.

Quek, A., Balasubramanian, R., 2013. Liquefaction of waste tires by pyrolysis for oil and chemicals – a review. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 101, 1–16.

Sannita, E., Aliakbarian, B., Casazza, A.A., Perego, P., Busca, G., 2012. Medium temperature conversion of biomass and wastes into liquid products, a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review 16, 6455–6475.

Shah, A.A., Hasan, F., Hameed, A., Ahmed, S., 2008. Biological degradation of plastics: A comprehensive review. Biotechnology Advances 26, 246-265.

Sharuddin, S.D.A., Abnisa, F., Daud, W.M.A., Aroua, M.K., 2016. A review on pyrolysis of plastic wastes. Energy conversion and management 115, 308-326.

Singh, N., Hui, D., Singh, R., Ahuja, I.P.S., Feo, L., Fraternali, F., 2017. Recycling of plastic solid waste: A state of art review and future applications. Composites Part B 115, 409-422.

Smith, R.L., Malone, M.F., 1997. Attainable Regions for Polymerization Reaction Systems, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 36 (1997) 1076-1084.

Sneddon, J., Masuram, S., Richert, J.C., 2007. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Basic Principles, Instrumentation and Selected Applications for Detection of Organic Compounds. Analytical letters journal, Taylor & Francis 40:6