an official journal of: published by:
an official journal of: published by:
Editor in Chief: RAFFAELLO COSSU

CASE STUDY ON ENHANCED LANDFILL MINING AT MONT- SAINT-GUIBERT LANDFILL IN BELGIUM: PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND VALORIZATION POTENTIAL OF COMBUSTIBLES AND INERT FRACTIONS RECOVERED FROM FINE FRACTIONS

  • Juan Carlos Hernández Parrodi - Department of Environmental and Energy Process Engineering, Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria - NEW-MINE project, Renewi Belgium SA/NV, Belgium
  • Daniel Vollprecht - Department of Environmental and Energy Process Engineering, Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria
  • Roland Pomberger - Department of Environmental and Energy Process Engineering, Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria

Released under CC BY-NC-ND

Copyright: © 2020 CISA Publisher


Abstract

The fine fractions account for the largest share of material recovered through (enhanced) landfill mining. These fractions typically present challenging characteristics for processing and valorization methods and, hence, they have been largely discarded in previous landfill mining projects. This situation has hindered the economic and environmental feasibility of landfill mining, since most of the excavated waste has been directed back into the landfill. Therefore, the fine fractions are one of the major challenges faced by (enhanced) landfill mining and suitable material and energy recovery schemes for these fractions need to be further developed and, if necessary, created. To this end, the physico-chemical characteristics of the “Combustibles” and “Inert” fractions recovered from the fine fractions <90 mm through a dry-mechanical process have been determined and their suitability for waste-to-material and waste-to-energy schemes has been evaluated in the MSG case study. The recovered “Combustibles” fractions represented 12.5 wt.% and 9.0 wt.% of the fine fractions <90 mm processed in the optimal water content and dry states, while the recovered “Inert” fractions accounted for 35.5 wt.% and 37.2 wt.%, respectively. According to the EN 15359:2011, the “Combustibles” fractions could be valorized as SRF in (co-)incineration, power and cement plants in both the optimal water content state and the dry state in the EU. However, in Austria these fractions can only be incinerated and not co-incinerated according to the Austrian Waste Incineration Ordinance (AVV), since in some cases they present concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Hg and Pb above the limit values. Therefore, in contrast to conventional (co-)incineration, the plasma gasification process proposed by the NEW-MINE project might offer a potential waste-to-energy valorization route for the combustible fractions obtained from the fine fractions of landfill-mined waste. As for the “Inert” fractions, there is no overarching legislation in the EU to regulate such materials yet in place and, hence, these fractions are solely subject to national or local regulations on recycling building materials. In Austria the “Inert” fractions would need further treatment in order to be valorized as a substitute for construction aggregates according to the Austrian Recycling Building Materials Ordinance (RBV), as they exceed the limit values for hydrocarbons, Cd, Pb, Zn, NH4+ and anionic surfactants in certain cases. Therefore, suitable waste-to-material valorization schemes for the recovered inert fractions from the fine fractions of landfill-mined waste are to be further developed, while appropriate overarching regulations need to be created at EU level.

Keywords


Editorial History

  • Received: 03 Jan 2020
  • Revised: 14 Feb 2020
  • Accepted: 19 Feb 2020
  • Available online: 31 Mar 2020

References

Ascensão, G., Marchi, M., Segata, M., Faleschini, F., & Pontikes, Y. (2019). Increasing the dimensional stability of CaO-FeOx-Al2O3-SiO2 alkali-activated materials: On the swelling potential of calcium oxide-rich admixtures. Detritus, 8(1), 91–100

Bhatnagar, A., Kaczala, F., Burlakovs, J., Kriipsalu, M., Hogland, M., & Hogland, W. (2017). Hunting for valuables from landfills and assessing their market opportunities: A case study with Kudjape landfill in Estonia. Waste Management & Research, 17, 0734242X1769781

Bureau d´études greisch (beg) (2002). Centre d´Enfouissement Technique de Mont-Saint-Guibert: Etude des conséquences de l´octroi du permis d´urbanisme du 29.10.01 sur les conditions d´exploitation du permis du 16.12.98

Canopoli, L., Fidalgo, B., Coulon, F., & Wagland, S. T. (2018). Physico-chemical properties of excavated plastic from landfill mining and current recycling routes. Waste management (New York, N.Y.), 76, 55–67

Garcia Lopez, C., Ni, A., Hernández Parrodi, J. C., Küppers, B., Raulf, K., & Pretz, T. (2019). Characterization of landfill mining material after ballistic separation to evaluate material and energy recovery potential. Detritus, 8(1), 5–23

Hernández Parrodi, J. C., Garcia Lopez, C., Küppers, B., Raulf, K., Vollprecht, D., Pretz, T., & Pomberger, R. (2019a). Case study on enhanced landfill mining at Mont-Saint-Guibert landfill in Belgium: Characterization and potential of fine fractions. Detritus, 8(1), 47–61

Hernández Parrodi, J. C., Höllen, D., & Pomberger, R. (2018a). Characterization of fine fractions from landfill mining: A review of previous investigations. Detritus, 2(1), 46–62

Hernández Parrodi, J. C., Höllen, D., & Pomberger, R. (2018b). Potential and main technological challenges for material and energy recovery from fine fractions of landfill mining: A critical review. Detritus, 3(1), 19–29

Hernández Parrodi, J. C., Lucas, H., Gigantino, M., Sauve, G., Esguerra, J. L., Einhäupl, P., et al. (2019b). Integration of resource recovery into current waste management through (enhanced) landfill mining. Detritus, 8(1), 141–156

Hernández Parrodi, J. C., Raulf, K., Vollprecht, D., Pretz, T., & Pomberger, R. (2019c). Case study on enhanced landfill mining at Mont-Saint-Guibert landfill in Belgium: Mechanical processing of fine fractions for material and energy recovery. Detritus, 8(1), 62–78

Hogland, W. (2002). Remediation of an Old Landsfill Site: Soil Analysis, Leachate Quality and Gas Production. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 9(S1), 49–54

Hull, R. M., Krogmann, U., & Strom, P. F. (2005). Composition and Characteristics of Excavated Materials from a New Jersey Landfill. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 131(3), 478–490

Jones, P. T., Geysen, D., Tielemans, Y., Van Passel, S., Pontikes, Y., Blanpain, B., et al. (2013). Enhanced Landfill Mining in view of multiple resource recovery: a critical review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 55, 45–55

Kaartinen, T., Sormunen, K., & Rintala, J. (2013). Case study on sampling, processing and characterization of landfilled municipal solid waste in the view of landfill mining. Journal of Cleaner Production, 55, 56–66

Kaczala, F., Mehdinejad, M. H., Lääne, A., Orupõld, K., Bhatnagar, A., Kriipsalu, M., & Hogland, W. (2017). Leaching characteristics of the fine fraction from an excavated landfill: Physico-chemical characterization. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 19(1), 294–304

Küppers, B., Hernández Parrodi, J. C., Garcia Lopez, C., Pomberger, R., & Vollprecht, D. (2019). Potential of sensor-based sorting in enhanced landfill mining. Detritus, 8(1), 24–30

Kurian, J., Esakku, S., Palanivelu, K., & Selvam, A. (2003). Studies on landfill mining at solid waste dumpsites in India. Proceedings Sardinia 2003. Ninth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium. 6-10 October, 2003. S. Margherita di Pula, Cagliari, Italy, 3, 248–255

Lucas, H. I., Garcia Lopez, C., Hernández Parrodi, J. C., Vollprecht, D., Raulf, K., Pomberger, R., et al. (2019). Quality assessment of nonferrous metals recovered from landfill mining: A case study in Belgium. Detritus, 8(1), 79–90

Machiels, L., Arnout, L., Yan, P., Jones, P. T., Blanpain, B., & Pontikes, Y. (2017). Transforming Enhanced Landfill Mining Derived Gasification/Vitrification Glass into Low-Carbon Inorganic Polymer Binders and Building Products. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy, 3(2), 405–415

Monich, P. R., Romero, A. R., Höllen, D., & Bernardo, E. (2018). Porous glass-ceramics from alkali activation and sinter-crystallization of mixtures of waste glass and residues from plasma processing of municipal solid waste. Journal of Cleaner Production, 188, 871–878

Münnich, K., Fricke, K., Wanka, S., & Zeiner, A. (2013). Landfill Mining: A contribution to conservation of natural resources? Proceedings Sardinia 2013. Fourteenth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium. 30 Sep. - 4 Oct., 2013. S. Margherita di Pula, Cagliari, Italy

Quaghebeur, M., Laenen, B., Geysen, D., Nielsen, P., Pontikes, Y., van Gerven, T., & Spooren, J. (2013). Characterization of landfilled materials: screening of the enhanced landfill mining potential. Journal of Cleaner Production, 55, 72–83

Rabelo Monich, P., Dogrul, F., Lucas, H., Friedrich, B., & Bernardo, E. (2019). Strong porous glass-ceramics from alkali activation and sinter-crystallization of vitrified MSWI bottom ash. Detritus, 8(1), 101–108

Rabelo Monich, P., Vollprecht, D., & Bernardo, E. (2020). Dense glass‐ceramics by fast sinter‐crystallization of mixtures of waste‐derived glasses. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 17(1), 55–63

Rincón, A., Marangoni, M., Cetin, S., & Bernardo, E. (2016). Recycling of inorganic waste in monolithic and cellular glass-based materials for structural and functional applications. Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986), 91(7), 1946–1961

Sarc, R., & Lorber, K. E. (2013). Production, quality and quality assurance of Refuse Derived Fuels (RDFs). Waste management (New York, N.Y.), 33(9), 1825–1834

Saveyn, H., Eder, P., Garbarino, E., Muchova, L., Hjelmar, O., van der Sloot, H., et al. (2014). Study on methodological aspects regarding limit values for pollutants in aggregates in the context of the possible development of end-of-waste criteria under the EU Waste Framework Directive: Final report. EUR, Scientific and technical research series: Vol. 26769. Luxembourg: Publications Office

Sedlazeck, K. P., Höllen, D., Müller, P., Mischitz, R., & Gieré, R. (2017). Mineralogical and geochemical characterization of a chromium contamination in an aquifer - A combined analytical and modeling approach. Applied Geochemistry, 87, 44–56

Stessel, R. I., & Murphy, R. J. Processing of material mined from landfills. In Mechanical Engineering Publications LTD 1992 – National Waste Processing Conference (p. 101)

Van Vossen, W. J., & Prent, O. J. (2011). Feasibility study: Sustainable material and energy recovery from landfills in Europe. Proceedings Sardinia 2011. Thirteenth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium. 3-7 October 2011. S. Margherita di Pula, Cagliari, Italy, 247–248

Vollprecht, Frühauf, Stocker, & Ellersdorfer (2019). Ammonium Sorption from Landfill Leachates Using Natural and Modified Zeolites: Pre-Tests for a Novel Application of the Ion Exchanger Loop Stripping Process. Minerals, 9(8), 471

Vollprecht, D., Hernández Parrodi, J. C., Lucas, H., & Pomberger, R. (2020). Case study on enhanced landfill mining at Mont-Saint-Guibert landfill in Belgium: Mechanical processing, physico-chemical and mineralogical characterization of fine fractions <4.5 mm. Detritus, 8(1) 62–78

Wagner, T. P., & Raymond, T. (2015). Landfill mining: Case study of a successful metals recovery project. Waste Management, 45, 448–457

Wolfsberger, T., Aldrian, A., Sarc, R., Hermann, R., Höllen, D., Budischowsky, A., et al. (2015). Landfill mining: Resource potential of Austrian landfills - Evaluation and quality assessment of recovered municipal solid waste by chemical analyses. Waste Management & Research, 33(11), 962–974

Zaini, I. N., García López, C., Pretz, T., Yang, W., & Jönsson, P. G. (2019). Characterization of pyrolysis products of high-ash excavated-waste and its char gasification reactivity and kinetics under a steam atmosphere. Waste management (New York, N.Y.), 97, 149–163

Zaini, I. N., Yang, W., & Jönsson, P. G. (2017). Steam gasification of solid recovered fuel char derived from landfill waste: A kinetic study. Energy Procedia, 142, 723–729